ABSTRACT At a global level, the Covid-19 pandemic will have various repercussions, one of them, teaching methods in higher education (HE), massifying online training. However, the incorporation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has been growing in recent decades, where economic and administrative sciences (EASc) are no exception. The objective of this work is to characterize the research on ICTs in higher education, with emphasis on the teaching of EASc. For this, a bibliometric analysis was carried out based on journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS), making a parallel on research in the application of ICTs in higher education (general area) and in the specific area of the EASc. The results allowed to detect differences and similarities between the areas. A low scientific production in the area of CEAs was eliminated, opening new study opportunities.

RESUMEN A nivel global, la pandemia Covid-19 generó diversas repercusiones, una de ellas, los métodos de enseñanza en la educación superior (ES), masificándose la formación en línea. Sin embargo, la incorporación de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) ha sido creciente las últimas décadas, donde las ciencias económicas y administrativas (CEAs) no son la excepción. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la investigación sobre las TICs en la educación superior, con énfasis en la enseñanza de las CEAs. Para ello se realizó un análisis bibliométrico en base a revistas indexadas en la Web of Science (WoS), haciendo un paralelo sobre la investigación en la aplicación de TICs en la educación superior (área general) y en la específica de las CEA. Los resultados permitieron detectar diferencias y similitudes entre las áreas. Se observó una baja producción científica en el área de las CEAs, abriendo nuevas oportunidades de estudios.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar el nivel de ansiedad de las embarazadas conforme al trimestre de la gestación. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, correlacional y transversal efectuado en mujeres en curso del primer, segundo y tercer trimestre del embarazo atendidas en el Centro de Salud Base San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú, entre diciembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022, a quienes se les aplicó el instrumento de tamizaje de ansiedad prenatal (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale [PASS]) y su variación según el trimestre del embarazo con las pruebas de χ2, Kruskall-Wallis y ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 153 pacientes en los tres trimestres del embarazo en quienes se encontró: ansiedad prenatal en el 69.9% (n = 107); ansiedad leve en 45.8% (n = 70) y ansiedad moderada-severa en 24.2% (n = 37). El porcentaje es mayor de 100% porque no en todos los trimestres se encontraron síntomas depresivos. Solo 30.1% (n = 46) de las embarazadas no tuvieron síntomas de ansiedad prenatal. La puntuación de ansiedad global mostró un comportamiento diferente según el trimestre de gestación (ANOVA: p = 0,006), con predominio de mayor ansiedad en el primer trimestre seguido del tercero. La comparación por parejas solo mostró diferencias significativas en la puntuación de ansiedad entre el primer y el tercer trimestre (test de Tukey: p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: Más de la mitad de las embarazadas cursó con ansiedad, sobre todo en el primer y tercer trimestre y menor en el segundo.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the anxiety level of pregnant women according to the trimester of gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, analytical and prospective study of a random sample of pregnant women attended in a first level facility of the Ministry of Health (MINSA). Anxiety was assessed with the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and its variation according to the trimester of pregnancy with the χ2, Kruskall-Wallis and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy was 69.9% (n = 107) in a sample of 153 patients. Except for the social anxiety dimension (p > 0.05), significant differences were found in the scores of the anxiety dimensions by trimester. They were highest in the first, followed by the third trimester (p < 0.05). The global anxiety score showed different behavior by trimester of pregnancy (ANOVA: p = 0.006), with predominance of higher anxiety in the first trimester followed by the third trimester. Comparison by couples only showed significant differences in anxiety score between the first and third trimester (Tukey test: p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the pregnant women had anxiety, especially in the first and third trimester and less in the second trimester.

Resumen El aumento demográfico de adultos mayores se está presentando acompañado de condiciones socioeconómicas y de salud desfavorables, que afectan su calidad de vida. Esta situación puede paliarse a través del marco del envejecimiento activo, el cual aporta lineamientos alternativos que pueden resultar eficaces para contrarrestarlos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud establece que el envejecimiento activo tiene seis Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS) que han sido abordados desde diferentes áreas por la comunidad científica. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar el tipo de estudios enfocados a la calidad de vida, desde el envejecimiento activo, y clasificarlos de acuerdo con los DSS. Se revisaron las bases de datos Ebscohost, Scopus, Oxford, Redalyc y Sage Journals. Los descriptores utilizados fueron “envejecimiento activo” y “calidad de vida”, en inglés y español. La búsqueda del mapeo sistemático comprendió enero 2015 a marzo 2022. Se localizaron 91 artículos en los que se evaluó la calidad de vida, desde la perspectiva del envejecimiento activo y la mayoría (81.3 %) fueron estudios transversales. Se identificaron 3 intervenciones psicológicas, con evaluación antes y después de las sesiones, abordando los DSS relacionados con los factores personales, como salud psicológica, percepción positiva con la actividad física y función cognitiva. Así mismo, los factores conductuales, como estilos de vida para la prevención de riesgo de caídas y mejora de la vida en general, que podrían condicionar la calidad de vida. El principal alcance temático de los estudios fue la vinculación existente entre la calidad de vida y los DSS relacionados con los factores personales y con el entorno social. Se requieren más estudios interdisciplinarios que ayuden a generar políticas públicas que impacten favorablemente en este sector poblacional.

Abstract The demographic increase of elderly people is taking place along with unfavorable socioeconomic and health conditions, which affect their quality of life. This situation can be alleviated through an active aging framework, which provides alternative guidelines that can be effective in counteracting them. The World Health Organization establishes that active aging has six Social Determinants of Health (SDH) that have been approached from different areas by the scientific community. The objective of this work was to identify and characterize the type of studies focused on quality of life, from active aging, and classify them according to the SDH. Ebscohost, Scopus, Oxford, Redalyc and Sage Journals databases were reviewed. The descriptors used were “active aging” and “quality of life”, in English and Spanish. The systematic mapping search comprised from January 2015 to March 2022. 91 articles were located where quality of life was evaluated from the perspective of active aging and the majority (81.3 %) were cross-sectional studies. Three psychological interventions were identified, with an evaluation before and after the sessions, comprising the SDH related to personal factors, such as psychological health, positive perception with physical activity and cognitive function. Likewise, behavioral factors such as lifestyles for the prevention of risk of falls and general life improvement which could condition the quality of life. The main thematic scope of the analyzed studies was the existing relationship between quality of life and the SDH related to personal factors and the social environment. Further interdisciplinary studies are required to contribute to the creation of public policy that impacts favorably this sector of the population.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health problem. Root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis represents a well-known reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this reservoir is unknown. This study aimed to establish if root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis in T2DM patients is an augmented reservoir by identifying the prevalence of nine common ARGs and comparing it with the prevalence in nondiabetic patients. Methodology This cross-sectional study included two groups: A T2DM group conformed of 20 patients with at least ten years of living with T2DM and a control group of 30 nondiabetic participants. Premolar or molar teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were included. A sample was collected from each root canal before endodontic treatment. DNA was extracted, and ARGs were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results tetW and tetM genes were the most frequent (93.3 and 91.6%, respectively), while ermA was the least frequent (8.3%) in the total population. The distribution of the ARGs was similar in both groups, but a significant difference (p<0.005) was present in ermB, ermC, cfxA, and tetQ genes, being more frequent in the T2DM group. A total of eighty percent of the T2DM patients presented a minimum of four ARGs, while 76.6% of the control group presented a maximum of three. Conclusions Root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis in T2DM patients carries more ARGs. Therefore, this pathological niche could be considered an augmented reservoir.

Resumen Introducción: El distanciamiento social y la cuarentena han probado tener efectos negativos en la salud mental de las poblaciones, a saber: miedo, ansiedad, depresión y sintomatología de estrés postraumático. La resiliencia emerge como variable amortiguadora del impacto. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en varios países latinoamericanos. Método: se obtuvo una muestra de 1184 participantes de México, Cuba, Chile, Colombia y Guatemala; cuya edad osciló entre 18 y 83 años (M = 38.78, DT = 13.81). Se aplicó una encuesta sobre síntomas médicos asociados al COVID-19 con tres instrumentos para evaluar: (1) síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, (2) impacto del evento y (3) resiliencia. Resultados: Las personas más jóvenes, con mayor cantidad de síntomas médicos y con mayores puntajes de impacto del evento tienden a presentar mayor sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y estrés, siendo el impacto del evento el predictor más determinante. La resiliencia fue el predictor protector contra la depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran las diferencias en la respuesta psicológica ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en cada país, y sugieren la necesidad del desarrollo de políticas públicas enfocadas en la prevención y la promoción de la salud integral ante emergencias sanitarias.

Abstract Introduction: Social distancing and quarantine have proven to have negative effects on the mental health of populations, namely fear, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Resilience emerges as a buffering variable for such impact. The objective of this study was to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 in several Latin American countries. Method: A sample of 1184 participants from Mexico, Cuba, Chile, Colombia and Guatemala was obtained; whose age ranged from 18 to 83 years old (M = 38.78, SD = 13.81). A survey on medical symptoms associated with COVID-19 and three instruments to evaluate: (1) depression, anxiety and stress, (2) impact of the event and (3) resilience were administered. Results: Younger people, with more symptoms associated with COVID-19 and those who reported higher scores of impact of event tended to present greater depressive, anxious and stress symptomatology. The impact of the event was the most determinant predictor. Resilience was protective against the impact of event, depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusions: The results show the differences in the psychological response to COVID-19 in each country and suggesting the need to develop public policies focused on prevention and promotion of integral health when facing sanitary emergencies.

Abstract Fertility preservation is the application of medical and laboratory strategies to preserve parental genetic offspring in adults or children at risk of sterility. Cancer is the main indication of fertility preservation in patients of reproductive age. In recent decades, the incidence of cancer in adolescents has increased. Cancer treatments have also improved significantly, making cure possible today in a large percentage of patients. Most children and adolescents with cancer become long-term survivors, increasing interest in the effects of cancer treatment on fertility. Social, economic and cultural conditions are also decisive in deciding when a couple seeks to promote their fertility. Furthermore, other pathologies or even drugs for the prevention of rejection of transplanted organs can affect fertility and, therefore, such patients are susceptible to guidance on fertility preservation. Success in assisted reproduction programs and cancer treatments provide alternatives to preserve fertility. In this document we have evaluated oncological patients who are candidates for fertility preservation: young people at risk of compromising their fertility due to oncological treatment, but with sufficient ovarian reserve and acceptable vital prognosis. Special cases such as social preservation were also considered, in cases of different sexual conceptualization, as well as the basic legal and ethical aspects.

Resumen La preservación de la fertilidad es la aplicación de estrategias médicas y de laboratorio para cuidar la permanencia de la descendencia genética parental en adultos o niños en riesgo de esterilidad. El cáncer es la principal indicación de preservación de la fertilidad en pacientes en edad reproductiva. Si bien en las últimas décadas se ha incrementado la incidencia de cáncer en adolescentes, los tratamientos oncológicos también han mejorado de manera importante por lo que hoy es posible la curación en un amplio porcentaje de pacientes. La mayoría de los niños y adolescentes con cáncer se convierten en supervivientes a largo plazo, lo que aumenta el interés en los efectos del tratamiento del cáncer en la fertilidad. Los tratamientos farmacológicos para prevención del rechazo de órganos trasplantados pueden afectar la fertilidad y, por tanto, las pacientes requieren orientación para la preservación de la fertilidad. En este documento se proponen lineamientos para la atención de pacientes oncológicas que solicitan la preservación de su fertilidad. También se consideraron casos especiales, como la preservación social en casos de conceptualización sexual diferente, y los aspectos legales y éticos básicos.

Resumen La cohesión social dibuja a una colectividad que se cuida a sí misma, evita conflictos y no genera grandes problemas. Esta cohesión se nutre, principalmente, de la identidad colectiva, la cual, a su vez, se sustenta mayormente en la memoria colectiva que surge de la interacción entre individuos. Las políticas urbanas tienen dentro de sus fines conseguir la cohesión social, no obstante, esto se queda en anhelos ya que lo que se lleva a cabo son prácticas privadas que buscan la rentabilidad económica de las acciones y que generan ciudades que, en lugar de favorecer las relaciones, las entorpecen. Para conseguir esa cohesión añorada es necesario que las políticas urbanas se pongan en marcha y tengan como objetivo la generación de la memoria colectiva.

Abstract Social cohesion draws a community that cares for itself, avoids conflicts and generates no major problems. This cohesion is nourished mainly of the collective identity which in turn is based mainly of the collective memory, and this only arises from the interaction between individuals. Urban policies have as their goal to achieve social cohesion, however they remain in desires since what is carried out are private practices that seek the economic profitability of the actions and that generate cities that, instead of favoring the relations, numb them. To achieve this longed for cohesion, it is necessary for urban policies to be set in motion and aim at generating collective memory.

Resumo A coesão social dibuja a una colectividade que se cuida a sí misma, evita conflitos e não genera grandes problemas. Essa coesão é alimentada principalmente pela identidade coletiva, que por sua vez é amplamente baseada na memória coletiva, e isso só surge da interação entre indivíduos. As políticas urbanas visam alcançar a coesão social, no entanto, permanecem em desejos, uma vez que o que é realizado são práticas privadas que buscam a rentabilidade econômica das ações e que geram cidades que, ao invés de favorecer as relações, eles os impedem. Para alcançar essa coesão ansiosa, é necessário que as políticas urbanas sejam implementadas e visem gerar memória coletiva.

Resumo Introdução O transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) é prevalente em jovens, com alta incidência durante a adolescência. Portanto, é importante que instrumentos confiáveis estejam disponíveis para avaliar o construto da depressão nessa população. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) – Versão Longa para o português brasileiro. Método Foram utilizadas as diretrizes da International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) para tradução e adaptação cultural, incluindo as etapas de preparação, tradução, reconciliação, retrotradução, revisão da retrotradução, harmonização, estudo piloto, revisão dos resultados do estudo piloto, revisão final e relato final. A etapa de estudo piloto foi conduzida em uma amostra de pacientes adolescentes e seus respectivos cuidadores em clínicas de saúde mental afiliadas ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados Os resultados sugeriram que os itens foram bem compreendidos, e que o MFQ parece ser um instrumento apropriado para uso com adolescentes e cuidadores brasileiros. Conclusões A versão traduzida para o português brasileiro do MFQ – Versão Longa constitui um instrumento adequado para a avaliação da depressão em adolescentes. Futuros estudos são necessários para avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da escala.

Abstract Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent among young people, with a high incidence during adolescence. It is, therefore, important to have reliable instruments to capture the construct of depression in this population. The objective of the present work is to describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) – Long Version, into Brazilian Portuguese. Method We followed the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guidelines for translation and cultural adaptation, including the steps of preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, back-translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing results and finalization, proofreading and final report. Cognitive debriefing was conducted in a sample of adolescent patients and their respective caregivers at mental health clinics affiliated with the Brazilian public health system. Results Results suggest that the items were well understood and that the MFQ seems to be an appropriate instrument for use with Brazilian adolescents and caregivers. Conclusions The Brazilian Portuguese MFQ – Long Version constitutes an adequate tool for the assessment of depression among adolescents. Future studies are required to evaluate psychometric properties of the instrument.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener prototipos de personalidad en población general de México y comparar la salud subjetiva entre ellos. En total, participaron 994 individuos de 14 a 63 años de edad. Se evaluaron cinco rasgos de personalidad (Neuroticismo, Extraversión, Apertura, Responsabilidad y Amabilidad) con el NEO-FFI, y la salud subjetiva con el GHQ-12 y una pregunta sobre el estado de salud. Para corroborar la consistencia de los prototipos se dividió la muestra en dos grupos de edad: joven (de 14 a 25 años) y maduro (de 26 a 63 años). Y como resultado se recuperaron tres prototipos en ambos grupos: las personas Resilientes -bajo neuroticismo y alto en el resto de los rasgos-, quienes tuvieron la mejor salud subjetiva; las No-Resilientes -alto neuroticismo y bajo en el resto de los rasgos-, que presentaron la peor salud subjetiva; y las personas Disciplinadas -alto en responsabilidad y promedio en los otros rasgos-, que presentaron una salud subjetiva intermedia en comparación con los otros prototipos. Finalmente, la autodisciplina y la resiliencia fueron los rasgos que discriminaron mejor la buena salud. Los hallazgos se discuten en términos de la generalización de prototipos a través de culturas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to extract personality prototypes from general population of Mexico and to compare subjective health indicators between these prototypes. Participants were 994 individuals (aged 14 to 63 years). Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness) were assessed with the NEO-FFI. Subjective indicators of health (self-rated health and psychological distress) were assessed with a question regarding health status and the GHQ-12. To verify the consistency of the prototypes, the sample was divided into two age groups, young (14 to 25 years) and mature (26 to 63 years.). Three stable prototypes were recovered from both groups. Resilient individuals (low neuroticism and high in other traits) had the best subjective health; the Non-Resilient individuals (high neuroticism and low in other traits) had the worst subjective health; and Self-Disciplined individuals (high conscientiousness and medium scores in other traits) were in the middle of these extremes in subjective health. Self-discipline and resilience were most discriminative in terms of subjective health. Findings are discussed in terms of the generalization of prototypes across cultures.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi obter protótipos da personalidade em população geral do México e comparar a saúde subjetiva entre eles. No total, participaram 994 indivíduos de 14 a 63 anos. Avaliaram-se cinco traços de personalidade (extroversão, neuroticismo, abertura à experiência, conscienciosidade e amabilidade) com o NEO-FFI, e a saúde subjetiva com o GHQ-12, e uma pergunta sobre o estado de saúde. Para corroborar a consistência dos protótipos, dividiu-se a amostra em dois grupos de idade: jovem (de 14 a 25 anos) e adulto (de 26 a 63 anos). Como resultado, obtiveram-se três protótipos em ambos os grupos: as pessoas resilientes -baixo neuroticismo e alto nos demais traços-, os que tiveram a melhor saúde subjetiva; as não resilientes -alto neuroticismo e baixo no restante dos traços-, que apresentaram a pior saúde subjetiva, e as pessoas disciplinadas -alto em conscienciosidade e média nos outros traços-, que apresentaram uma saúde subjetiva intermediária em comparação com os outros protótipos. Finalmente, a autodisciplina e a resiliência foram os traços que melhor discriminaram a boa saúde. Os achados são discutidos em termos da generalização de protótipos através de culturas.

The purpose of this study has been to analyze the implications that the age and the cultural factors associated with the nationality, to submit to the relationship between social support and depression. With this goal, has interviewed a total sample of 1503 persons of adult age (young people, adults and elderly) belonging to Spain, Cuba and Mexico. For the evaluation of the depression, has been used the questionnaire CES-D, while for the assessment of emotional support perceived and satisfaction with the same we applied a formal model of self-evaluation report prepared by us which gathers the perception of availability of emotional support from various sources (partner, family members, friends, colleagues, neighbors) and their satisfaction with the same. The results obtained indicate that the relationship obtained between emotional support according to different sources and values in depressive symptomatology is subject to changes depending on the cultural influences associated to the country of origin of those interviewed, and his age, as well as the interaction between both variables.

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos profundizar en el estudio de las implicaciones que la edad y los factores de tipo cultural asociados a la nacionalidad, puedan presentar respecto a la relación entre apoyo social y depresión. Con este objetivo, se ha entrevistado a una muestra total de 1503 personas de edad adulta (jóvenes, adultos y personas de edad avanzada) pertenecientes a España, Cuba y México. Para la evaluación de la depresión, se ha empleado el cuestionario CES-D, mientras que para la evaluación del apoyo emocional percibido y la satisfacción con el mismo, se aplicó un modelo estructurado de autoinforme elaborado por nosotros en el que se recoge la percepción de disponibilidad de apoyo emocional en diferentes fuentes (pareja, familiares, amigos, compañeros, vecinos) y la satisfacción con el mismo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la relación obtenida entre apoyo emocional percibido según distintas fuentes y los valores en sintomatología depresiva está sujeta a variaciones en función de las influencias culturales asociadas al país de pertenencia de los sujetos entrevistados, y a su edad, así como a la interacción entre ambas variables.

This work reconstructs the meaning that academics give to university regulations and the ability to express ourselves (Kaës), as the university contains and ¨suffers in us¨. We particularly refer to the mandates that universities have incorporated through the validation of different practices. These are a few of the questions from which we approach different trajectories and groups that were instituted in two university cases in Mexico: Bachelors degree in Education (UANL); and a teacher training experience in the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO).

El presente trabajo reconstruye los significados que los académicos otorgamos a la normativa universitaria y al dejar hablar, según Kaës, cómo la institución nos contiene y sufre en nosotros. Se hace referencia, en especial, a los mandatos que las universidades han incorporado a través de la validación de distintas prácticas. Desde esto, se abordan las diversas trayectorias y grupos que se instituyeron en dos casos de universidades en México: el de la formación de la Licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), y una experiencia de formación docente en el Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO).

This article highlights a diversity of identity creation processes in faculty members of the B.A. degrees in Psychology and Tourism at the University of Guadalajara (Universidad de Guadalajara). From a comparative-institutionalist perspective, the inquiry's point of departure is the academics' voice itself. The study also addresses the "inherited history" underlying these two professions that have a strong drive towards serving and helping others. Research on the faculty members of the B.A. in Psychology was conducted through interviews to and observations by 20 informants (15 men and 5 women) who were representative of the three phases in the development of an academic degree: a) the foundations; b) a first restructuring of the curriculum; and c) the admission of the first BA graduates as faculty members. In the case of tourism, the research team has worked with 8 professors (4 men and 4 women) who are graduates pertaining to the first generations of the University's B.A. in Tourism.

El artículo destaca diversos procesos de constitución identitaria en académicos de las licenciaturas en Psicología y Turismo de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Indagamos bajo una perspectiva comparativa-institucionalista, teniendo como punto de partida la voz de los académicos. Abordamos también la "historia heredada" que subyace en esas profesiones, ambas con un fuerte componente hacia el servicio y ayuda a los demás. En el caso de Psicología se trabajó mediante entrevistas y observaciones, con 20 informantes (15 hombres y 5 mujeres). Se buscó que éstos fueran representativos de tres fases en el desarrollo de la carrera: a) fundación; b) primera reestructuración curricular; y c) ingreso de los primeros egresados de la propia licenciatura como académicos. En el caso de Turismo se trabajó con 8 profesores (4 hombres y 4 mujeres), y se buscó también que fuesen egresados de las primeras generaciones de la carrera en la misma universidad.

Abstract The richness of aquatic snails was determined, on two basin of the state of Tabasco, samples were taken at 23 locations during two seasons, the rainy season (September and October 2008) and the dry season (April and May 2009). The organisms were collected from the roots of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) and those adhered to Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). Thirteen gastropods and three bivalves associated with water hyacinth as well as four gastropods and four bivalves from mangrove roots were collected. The CH Grijalva River-Villahermosa present he highest species richness 21 and 20 species were within the Subc. Carrizal River 52.17% of the species were from freshwater and collected on water lily; 30.44% were collected were brackish and collected on mangrove roots; 17.39% on euryhaline and harvested on both vegetation types. As for the estimation of richness, a difference of one to five species was observed between then species richness estimated and that estimated with SChao2. Of the 23 species recorded in this study none are listed in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. The most abundant freshwater species on the two basins were Pyrgophorus coronatus, Mexinauta impluviata, Littoridinops tenuipes, Mayabina polita and Pomacea flagellata; and brackish Mytilopsis leucophaeata, Brachidontes exustus, Littorina angulifera, Neritina virginea and Musculium transversum. The greatest richness and abundance of molluscs associated with both E. crassipes as R. mangle were present during the rainy season.

Resumen En dos Cuencas del estado de Tabasco, se determinó la riqueza de moluscos acuáticos, los muestreos se realizaron en 23 localidades durante dos temporadas, lluvias (septiembre y octubre 2008) y estiaje (abril y mayo 2009). Los organismos fueron recolectados sobre las raíces de Rhizophora mangle (mangle rojo) y adheridas a Eichhornia crassipes (lirio acuático). Se recolectaron, un total de 23 especies 13 gasterópodos y tres bivalvos asociados a lirio acuático y cinco gasterópodos y cuatro bivalvos en raíces de mangle. La mayor riqueza específica se presentó en la Cuenca Hidrológica Río Grijalva-Villahermosa con 21 especies y dentro de ella la Subcuenca Río Carrizal con 20 especies. El 52.17%, de las especies recolectadas fueron dulceacuícolas y recolectadas sobre lirio acuático; el 30.44% salobres y recolectadas en raíces de mangle; el 17.39% eurihalinas y recolectadas en ambos tipos de vegetación. En cuanto a la estimación de la riqueza, se observó una diferencia de una a cinco especies entre la riqueza específica observada y la estimada por SChao2. De las 23 especies registradas ninguna se encuentra listada en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Las especies dulceacuícolas más abundantes en las dos cuencas fueron Pyrgophorus coronatus, Mexinauta impluviata, Littoridinops tenuipes, Mayabina polita y Pomacea flagellata; y las salobres Mytilopsis leucophaeata, Brachidontes exustus, Littorina angulifera, Neritina virginea y Musculium transversum. La mayor riqueza y abundancia de moluscos asociados tanto a E. crassipes como a R. mangle se presentaron durante la temporada de lluvias.

Introduction: resources and strategies are elements the caregiver has to try to weaken the possible impact of caregiving situation. Methods: a transversal descriptive study was conducted with the objective to characterize overburdening and coping styles of informal caregivers in "Héroes de Girón" health area, Cerro municipality. A survey was applied which included Caregiver Burden Interview and COPE questionnaire. Results: overburdening was present in the 47, 6 % of caregivers. Women represented the 90 % of this, and it fell in the age group of 60 years or older (50 %), married (50 %), technicians (30 %) those who cared most hours (63.6 %) and those who had not participated in any educational program (95 %). The most frequent coping styles used by caregivers were: acceptance (3.70), active coping (3.53) and positive reframing (3.01). The most frequently used coping style was the active behavioral one (3.23). Conclusions: overburdening is present in slightly less than half of caregivers, it predominates in women, in the age group of 60 years and older, in intermediate levels, in married people, people who care more than 12 hours and in those who have not participated in any educative program. The most used coping styles are the active ones directed to solve the problems which arise with care, regardless the age, sex and educational level.

Introducción: los recursos y estrategias son elementos de los que el cuidador dispone para tratar de amortiguar el posible impacto de la situación de cuidado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con el propósito de caracterizar la sobrecarga y los estilos de afrontamiento de los cuidadores informales en el área de salud "Héroes de Girón", del municipio Cerro. Se aplicó una encuesta que incluyó la entrevista de carga del cuidador y el cuestionario COPE. Resultados: la sobrecarga se presentó en el 47,6 % de los cuidadores. Las mujeres representaron el 90 % de esta, y recayó en el grupo de 60 años y más (50 %), casados (50 %), técnicos medios (30 %), los que cuidaban mayor cantidad de horas (63,6 %) y que no habían participado en algún programa educativo (95 %). Los estilos de afrontamiento más frecuentemente usados en los cuidadores fue la aceptación (3,70), el afrontamiento activo (3,53) y la reformulación positiva (3,01). El tipo de afrontamiento más frecuentemente usado fue el conductual activo (3,23). Conclusiones: La sobrecarga se presenta en poco menos de la mitad de los cuidadores, con predominio en las mujeres, en el grupo de 60 años y más, en el nivel técnico medio y en los casados, que cuidan más de 12 horas y que no han participado en ningún programa educativo. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más usadas son las activas dirigidas a resolver los problemas que se presentan con el cuidado, independientemente de la edad, el sexo y el nivel educacional.

Con la investigación buscamos determinar la relación entre el nivel de Bienestar Subjetivo y los Estilos de Afrontamiento al Estrés en adolescentes y jóvenes de Colima, México. En el estudio participaron 436 estudiantes con rango de edad de 15 a 24 años. Para recabar la información utilizamos la escala de Modos de Afrontamiento de Lazarus y Folkman (versión adaptada de Sandin & Chorot, 2003) y la Escala Multidimensional para la medición del Bienestar Subjetivo (Anguas-Plata & Reyes, 1998). Los resultados indican que los adolescentes y las adolescentes mantienen un promedio más alto de bienestar subjetivo que los sujetos jóvenes, y que el estilo de afrontamiento que más utilizan es el de aceptación de la responsabilidad, mientras que el menos utilizado es la huídaevitación.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of subjective well-being and stress coping styles in adolescents and young adults from Colima, México. A descriptive correlational study was conducted involving 436 participants, all of whom were high- school or undergraduate students. Data were collected using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Folkman and Lazarus (adapted version by Sandin & Chorot, 2003) and the Multidimensional Scale for Measuring Subjective Well-Being (Anguas-Platas & Reyes, 1998). Our findings indicated that teenagers showed a higher subjective well-being than their undergraduate counterparts. In both, adolescents and young adults, the most commonly used coping style was "Acceptance of Responsibility", whereas the least used coping style was "Escape- Avoidance".

A investigação busca determinar a relação entre o nivel de Bem-estar Sujetivo é os Estilos de Enfrentamento do Estresse em os adolescentes é jóvenes de Colima, México. No estudio participaron 436 estudiantes com posição das idades entre 15 a 2ª anos. Para exigir a informação, utilizou-se a escala de Modos de Enfrentamento de Lazarus é Folkman) versão adaptada de Sandin é Chorot, 2003) é a Escala Multidimensão para a medição do Bem-estar Subjetivo (Anguas-Plata é Reyes, 1998). Os resultados indican que os adolecscentes mantenhem a média máis alto de bem-estar subjetivo que os jóvenes é que o estilo de afrentamento que mais usan e aceptação da responsabilidade, enquanto que os menos utilizado e a fuga-evitação.